Streptomyces bacteria, found in soil and marine environments, must adapt to fluctuating nutrients and conditions. This review covers their classical developmental cycle and the regulatory mechanisms involved. It highlights alternative strategies, such as exploratory growth, membrane vesicle release, and DNA acquisition. The review also explores their interactions with other organisms through volatile compounds affecting nutrient levels, microbial growth, and insect behavior, and their diverse strategies to evade and combat phage infections.